Bacterial keratitis (BK) is an ocular infection which constitutes the majority of infectious keratitis cases all around the world, and has estimated about 2.5-799 cases per 0.1 million population per year.

Skeletal muscle tissue (SMT) is the largest organ by mass in the human body and is critical for locomotion, posture, respiration, physiology, and energy homeostasis. Genetic or acquired diseases, as well as damage and aging can make this organ dysfunctional and cause significant impairment in the quality of life and human health.

Knee menisci are macro-structurally semilunar wedges and act as a congruent cushion between the femoral condyle and tibial plateau. Meniscal tissue injuries and tears caused by sports injuries, old age and accidents are a major cause of pain and discomfort among various population groups.

The main valvular heart diseases (VHDs), rheumatic heart diseases affect around 41 million people worldwide. VHDs can reduce the quality of life, physical functionality and sometimes cause sudden death. 

In medical field, the evolution of new technologies is opening up new horizons, presenting innovative solutions that are increasingly closer to the needs of the patient.

The integration of additive manufacturing technologies into the production process of orthopedic insoles has ushered in an era of unprecedented customization, shaping the insoles according to the specific anatomical forms of each patient. The synergy between continuously evolving materials and advanced 3D printing technologies has not only refined production precision but has also eliminated manual processes, significantly reducing time, costs, and the use of raw materials.